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| CASE REPORT |
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| Year : 2014 | Volume
: 20
| Issue : 3 | Page : 132-133 |
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Mastoid osteoma
Umesh Chandra Parashari, Sachin Khanduri, Nidhi Singh, Samarjit Bhadury
Department of Radio Diagnosis, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| Date of Web Publication | 16-Jul-2014 |
Correspondence Address:
Umesh Chandra Parashari
Department of Radio Diagnosis, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0971-7749.136865
Osteomas are benign tumors of mesenchymal origin. Osteomas of head and neck origin have been described, but mastoid osteoma form a rare entity with only 150 cases being reported in the literature. Osteomas of the mastoid bone are usually asymptomatic but may cause cosmetic deformity. We reported a rare case of mastoid osteoma in a young female with a hard swelling in the postauricular region, which was clinically asymptomatic, but causing cosmetic deformity and gave unseemly appearance. On imaging studies, radiographs of skull showed a dense radiopacity in the mastoid region and noncontrast computed tomography of the temporal bone showed a densely calcified lesion of bone attenuation in left mastoid. Keywords: High-resolution computed tomography, Mastoid, Osteoma, Temporal bone
How to cite this article:
Parashari UC, Khanduri S, Singh N, Bhadury S. Mastoid osteoma. Indian J Otol 2014;20:132-3 |
| Introduction | |  |
Mastoid bone osteoma is a benign tumor of mesenchymal origin which is a rare tumor of head and neck origin with incidence of 0.1-1% of all head and neck benign tumors. [1],[2],[3],[4] Only 150 cases have been reported in literature in 2010. [2] Patients mostly being asymptomatic present later in the course of disease with a tumor like hard mass located in the postauricular region, which is usually painless and might cause cosmetic disfiguration. Examination of the patient clinically followed by imaging studies remains the mainstay in diagnosis. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment of choice. We reported a rare case of mastoid osteoma in a young female causing cosmetic deformity.
| Case Report | | |
A young 25-year-old female patient presented to the outpatient department of our hospital with the chief complaints of hard swelling in the postauricular region, which had gradually increased in size over years. The swelling was first noticed by the patient 3-4 years back, which has slowly progressed in size and the patient was asymptomatic but gave an unseemly appearance to the face which was the main concern of the patient. On examination of the patient, a small sized, round to oval, nontender hard swelling with smooth margins was noted behind the ear in the postauricular region, which was of bony consistency measuring approximately 1.5 × 1.5 cm in size with no free mobility suggesting its fixity to the underlying bone. There were no associated inflammatory signs noted over the skin. Past history of the patient revealed no association with trauma, prolonged ear infection, ear discharge, or hearing loss. Otoscopy and audiometry were normal.
On radiological examination, X-ray skull lateral view showed a well-defined, round to oval dense radiopacity in left mastoid [Figure 1]. On noncontrast computed tomography scan of the temporal bone, a moderate sized, lobulated, and densely calcified lesion of bone attenuation was noted in left mastoid [Figure 2]. The middle ear cavity, ossicular chain, inner table of skull and diploe were normal with no extension intracranially. Above findings were in favor of mastoid osteoma. | Figure 1: X-ray skull lateral view shows a well-defined, round to oval dense radiopacity in left mastoid (white arrow)
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 | Figure 2: Axial (a) and coronal (b) high-resolution computed tomography images of the temporal bone show, a moderate sized, lobulated, densely calcified lesion of bone attenuation in left mastoid (white arrow). The middle ear cavity, ossicular chain, inner table of skull and diploe are normal with no extension intracranially
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| Discussion | | |
Matoid bone osteoma is a benign tumor of mesenchymal origin, which is a rare tumor of head and neck origin. [1] The osteomas are usually present in paranasal sinuses, skull and temporal bone, including external and internal auditory meatus, middle ear, apex of the petrous part and styloid process with mastoid being the rare site for presentation of osteoma with incidence of 0.1-1% of all head and neck benign tumors. [3],[4],[5] It is more common in females predominantly occurring in second and third decades. [6]
The osteoma is a benign tumor usually arising from cortex as it is of mesenchymal origin. [7] It shows osteoblastic activity predominantly but also shows osteoclastic activity. Usually, it is diagnosed as an incidental finding on imaging as there are no symptoms associated in most of the cases. If the symptoms are present, the patient complaints of swelling in the postauricular region as in our case. The swelling is usually painless for many years, but can be painful due to the gradual increase in size over the years, also causing cosmetic disfiguration and difficulty in wearing glasses, which are the usual concern of the patient. Rarely, it can involve the petrous part of the temporal bone with involvement of the facial nerve and part of the internal ear that leads to hearing loss as a complication. [7],[8],[9] On radiological examination, the plain radiograph of skull lateral view shows round to oval dense radiopacity with dense calcification noted in the mastoid bone with preserved diploe. [10],[11] Noncontrast computed tomography is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of mastoid osteoma. On noncontrast computed tomography of the temporal bone with thin sections shows a well-defined round to oval hyperdense lesion of bone attenuation with no intracranial extension.
On magnetic resonance imaging, it is seen as hypointense lesion on T1-weighted images with variable signal intensity on T2-weighted images depending on its type with surrounding inflammation if present. On histological examination, it is of following types: Compact, cartilaginous, spongy/cancellous and mixed with most common being the compact type and rare being the spongy type. [7],[12],[13] Surgical resection is the treatment of choice with most common indication being the cosmetic disfiguration followed by associated symptoms, and also to prevent its later complication, which can be caused by giant osteoma. [9],[14] It can occur secondary to surgery, trauma, radiation therapy, chronic infections, and hormonal dysfunctions. [12] It has to be differentiated with other conditions that include benign bony tumors such as osteoclastoma, osteochondroma, fibrous dysplasia, Paget's disease, etc. [1],[9],[12]
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[Figure 1], [Figure 2]
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